mardi 4 décembre 2007

Samuel P Huntington: the central political actors of the 21st century will be civilizations rather than nation-states .

Traditionally, a nation-state is a specific form of state, which exists to provide a sovereign territory for a particular nation, and which derives its legitimacy from that function. The state is a political and geopolitical entity; the nation is a cultural and/or ethnic entity. The term "nation-state" implies that they geographically coincide, and this distinguishes the nation-state from the other types of state, which historically preceded it. If successfully implemented, this implies that the citizens share a common language, culture, and values — which was not the case in many historical states. A world of nation-states also implements the claim to self-determination and autonomy for every nation, a central theme of the ideology of nationalism.
However, modern sociological theories have already assumed that people's cultural and religious identities wil be the primary source of conflict in the post cold war conflict .
A new theory was formulated in 1996 by Samuel P Huntington in his book entitled "The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order" in which Huntington stated : 'It is my hypothesis that the fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. Nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations. The clash of civilizations will dominate global politics. The fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future' .
Lest's think about it, isn't it this thesis that shapes the very foundation of the American foreign policy from the D day 11/09/2001? Or even before in Yougoslavia, the Middle East then and Central Asia.... In this emerging era of cultural conflict the United States must forge alliances with similar cultures and spread its values wherever possible. With alien civilizations the West must be accommodating if possible, but confrontational if necessary. In the final analysis, however, all civilizations will have to learn to tolerate each other.
This is a fairy Old 'British' tale where good will win over evil... to give birth to an idyllic world .
But what would be the next step then? intellectuals have not hesitated to proliferate visions of what it will be-the end of history....

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